Civil Disobedience And The Apartheid - 1428 Words

Throughout history, civil disobedience has been used to bring about change across a wide variety of civil rights issues. In India, Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience to nonviolently protest against the British Raj and, after a thirty-year struggle, earn independence both for himself and his people. In the United States, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. employed civil disobedience to overcome both the Jim Crow laws that had oppressed the African-American minority and the systemic racism that was once prevalent in the Southern United States. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela utilized civil disobedience to lead an anti-apartheid revolution to combat the apartheid system that systemically discriminated against the black inhabitants of South Africa. All three of these exemplary men have earned a Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts (the prize was not awarded in 1948 because â€Å"there was no suitable living candidate†, a tribute to Gandhi who was recently assassinated). Although v iolence could have been used to combat these civil rights violations, all three of these individuals chose not to resort to violence, in favor of a more amicable alternative: civil disobedience. Furthermore, all three of these cases help to demonstrate that in democratic societies, civil disobedience is both a necessary and effective tool that brings about deliberated change in both governmental and/or social systems without inciting violence. Civil disobedience is effective as a tool to bring about socialShow MoreRelatedLessons in Civil Disobedience828 Words   |  4 Pagesto its effectiveness, individualism, and past history of the world that has made immense progress. It is important to notice that if civil disobedience was not effective, then it would not be continually used to disobey the law. In The Role of Civil Disobedience in Democracy† by Kayla Starr, she explains why we have the right to participate in civil disobedience. â€Å"The U.S. Bill of Rights asserts that the authority of a government is derived from the consent of the governed, and whenever any formRead MoreCivil Disobedience And Deliberative Democracy1550 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Civil disobedience encompasses the refusal to obey governmental laws or orders. This concept that is well known in the context of South African history. There are many examples present throughout history, especially in the new constitutional era, such as fees must fall. In this essay I will consider this concept of civil disobedience, especially in a South African context as well as considering a quote by Jurgen Habermas in an article by William Smith titled Civil Disobedience and DeliberativeRead MoreWhat Makes A Breach Of Law An Act Of Civil Disobedience?1383 Words   |  6 Pagesact of civil disobedience? When is civil disobedience morally justified?† These are the basic questions that are asked when dealing with civil disobedience. According to John Rawls, civil disobedience is a nonviolent breach of laws by the public in order to reform or change laws or government policies. But Rawls’ concept of civil disobedience is too narrow. This raises many questions. Why sho uld civil disobedience be non-violent? Why does the public play a large role in civil disobedience? This paperRead MoreMahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela1504 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween passive acceptances and armed struggle. Non-violence way to participate in the social and political change is including nonviolent civil disobedience against, acts of civil disobedience or other powerful influence uncooperative antagonistic form; it is similar with pacifism, but it is not pacifism. Since the mid-20th century, non-violence and civil disobedience become the main form of social change, and it also is respected political and social philosophy. As the practice of social and politicalRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Henry David Thoreau1650 Words   |  7 Pagesweakness? In his 1849 essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† American writer Henry David Thoreau explained he had refused to pay his poll tax to the U.S. government for six years because he opposed the U.S. engaged in war with Mexico. This kind of â€Å"civil disobedience,† Thoreau (1849) said, is crucial because â€Å"a minority is powerless while it conforms to the majority; it is not even a minority then†. In fact, he said, â€Å"It costs me less in every sense to incur the penalty of disobedience to the State than it wouldRead MoreLauren Creque. Mrs. Lucius. English 10 Honors. 24 April1473 Words   |  6 PagesLauren Creque Mrs. Lucius English 10 Honors 24 April 2017 Civil disobedience: Nelson Mandela There are a lot of people in this world that have made change. One of those people is Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela created change in this world through civil disobedience by bringing South Africa out of apartheid. Nelson Mandela (His birth name is Rolihlahla) on July 18, 1918 in a South African village called Mvezo. He went to a local missionary school where it is not rare for teachers to giveRead MoreA Peaceful Revolution : Mahatma Gandhi1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough nonviolent resistance. The mood of the Gandhian era was determined due to the fact that Gandhi had his heart set on giving his civilization a goal to find peace. All his satyagrahi followers were determined to achieve freedom through civil disobedience. Gandhi’s movements and campaigns were all executed through passive resistance. Philosophers thought Gandhi was naive for believing peace and nonviolence would conquer all, but Gandhi’s ideas and movements served as a catalyst for his satyagrahiRead More Nelson Mandela Essay examples1070 Words   |  5 Pagesus will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountain top of our desires†. These are the wor ds of a man, Nelson Mandela, who fought for something that many would shy away from. He led the anti-apartheid movement, became the president of the African National Congress Youth League, and later became the president of South Africa winning the Nobel Peace Prize. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1942 started Nelson Mandela’s participation in the racial oppressionRead MoreMartin Luther King, And Nelson Mandela1678 Words   |  7 Pagesending segregations, and believes equal rights for blacks across the United States. Martin Luther King’s practice of nonviolence is directly borrowed from Thoreau s work of Civil Disobedience and Nonviolent Resistance, King even commented on the use of nonviolence by saying, â€Å"The teachings of Thoreau came alive in our civil rights movement.† In conclusion, Martin Luther King can be considered a transcendental thinker due to the philosophies he created, the Triple Evil philosophy and Six PrinciplesRead MoreMohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela746 Words   |  3 Pagesleader of Indias independence movement, organizing boycotts against British institutions in peaceful forms of civil disobedience, in 1948. As a nationalist leader he studied law in London and England, but in 1893 went to South Africa, where he spent 20 years opposing discriminatory legislation against Indians. As a pioneer of Satyagraha, or resistance through mass non-violent civil disobedience, he became one of the major political and spiritual leaders of his time. Satyagraha remains one of his most

Essay on Food Security in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Script for Geography Good morning/afternoon Today I will talk about food security in the Democratic Republic of Congo. DR Congo is an African country that consists of over 2,300,000 square kilometres (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The population in DR Congo is around seventy-five and a half million people with an average life expectancy of 56 years, a lot shorter than Australians (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The religion consists of Roman Catholic, Protestant and Muslims plus some other smaller religions (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The capital city is called Kinshasa, with other large cities called Lubumbashi, Mbuji-Mayi and Kananga (Central Intelligence Agency (US), 2013). The Democratic Republic of†¦show more content†¦In DR Congo there are two main agriculture regions, Plains of the east and the south and the eastern highlands (The Washington Post Company, 2001). In the plains coffee beans, potatoes and leeks are grown, while in the highlands tomatoes, sweet potatoes, yum and pumpkins are grow as the temperatures are cool and there is more fertile soil (The Washington Post Company, 2001). DR Congo is ranked 107th (the worst) in the world (Global Food Security Index, 2013). This ranking is produced by the lack of food affordability, food availability and more importantly the quality and safety of the food (Global Food Security Index, 2013). Every country, whether it’s DR Congo or America, have some strengths when it comes to food security. For DR Congo their strengths are agricultural import tariffs (affordability), Volatility of agriculture production (availability), and nutritional standards (quality and safety of food), just to name some (Global Food Security Index, 2013). Some challenges that DR Congo face, in terms of food security, can be put in three sections as stated before (Global Food Security Index, 2013). In the affordability section they have problems with access to financing for farmers, Food consumption and the proportion of the population that are under the poverty line (Global Food Security Index, 2013). In the next section, availability of food, they have problems with corruption, agricultural infrastructure andShow MoreRelatedEssay on History of the Democratic Republic of Congo1169 Words   |  5 PagesPrior to 1960, Belgium and their King, Leopold ruled the Congo region. They held great interests in the rubber industry and created harsh labor camps that exploited the people. That is why after gaining independence in 1960, the nation then known as Zaire plunged into chaos. Military unrest coupled with oppressive warlord throughout the region made it a very unstable state, ready to collapse. Nowadays, U.N. peacekeeping forces hold post s in the nation to maintain its stability. The United StatesRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Intervention1146 Words   |  5 PagesCrisis in Congo captivated an immense amount of attention from all around the world. The Crisis occurred between the early 1960s through to the middle of 1964. For about four years, several civil wars tore apart a country’s population causing an unbelievable number of deaths. The demand of human intervention came from many governments and non-governmental organizations. The United Nations, along with many other great powers of the world, decided the right way to handle the Crisis in Congo was withRead MoreRape As A Weapon Of War3044 Words   |  13 Pagesweapon of war, there are two main modern day conflicts that can not be overlooked. Rape as a weapon of war is brought into light by the wars of Congo and Bosnia. These two conflicts brought the eyes of the world onto the global issue of rape in war and more specifically how it is used as a tool of ethnocide and genocide. The recent conflict in the Congo has been rooted in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and related violence in Burundi which saw hundreds of thousands of Hutus flee both countries into easternRead MoreThe Democratic Republic Of Congo1452 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is still recovering from years of political upheaval and conflict and disruption. The war that lasted from 1996-2003 has meant that 6.4 million people are suffering from acute food insecurity which is an increase from July 2012 when 5.4 million were in danger,  ¼ children are malnourished and 70% of the population lacks access to adequate food (IPC, 2012). In 2009 the Global Hunger Index was the lowest in the world at just 39.1% and in 2002 a surveyRead MoreHistory of Central African Republic: Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Central African Republic: The Central African Republic (CAR) is located in the heart of equatorial Africa. The country, with an estimated population of 4.4 million and a landmass of 622,984 sq km , is landlocked, sharing borders with Chad, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Republic of the Congo, and Cameroon. The country, a former colony of France (formerly known as Ubangi-Shari), gained independence on August 13, 1960. Like most former colonies, CAR was subject to interferenceRead MoreEssay on Comparative and Absolute Advantage4211 Words   |  17 Pagesthe upcoming years. The Democratic Republic of Congo In 2014, the economic growth rate of DRC Congo was 9.50 per cent. However, in the last quarter of 2015, the reported economic growth rate was 7.70per cent. Such economic data shows that the economic growth rate of the economy is in decline. However, the last quarter of 2015 indicates that the DRC Congo economy has improved slightly (Levchenko amp; Zhang, 2016). In spite of having abundant natural resources, DR Congo has the lowest level of GDPRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Operation Artemis1766 Words   |  8 Pagesis an European peacekeeping mission in the Democratic republic of Congo. The civil war in this middle region of Africa, which occurred after the Iraq war, saw the situation spiralling out of hands with the futile efforts by other international peacekeeping forces. Then the European Union decided to step in and curb the crisis. ’Operation Artemis’ was the very first peacekeeping force led by the EU, which tried to bring order in the Ituri region of Congo (DRC ) for three months. The first part of theRead MoreThe Problem Of Conflict Mineral2082 Words   |  9 Pagesoccurring in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and throughout Central Africa dissolves. As though this supply chain was not already complex and spanning over a myriad of legal jurisdictions each with their own issues, it is estimated that shipments exchange hands at least seven times; moreover, somewhere amongst the stream of bribery and extortion used to sell these minerals they become legitimized goods that can then be sold to any party in the world.iv Since the advent of the Congo Wars lastingRead MoreGender Based Violence During And After Conflict1319 Words   |  6 Pagespeople a â€Å"spirit of brotherhood (#1),† â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person (#3),† A call for justice, women’s rights as human’s rights and violence of war or conflict crimes, will continue to get support for women all around the world. This website has focused on these two concepts as a theme for their success in places across the globe such as Burma, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Kenya. This organization is compelling because it calls for justice for theRead MoreThe United Nations And Its Impact On The World s Most Vulnerable Areas Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the United Nations, â€Å"UN Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace† (United Nations ). Over the years, the United Nations has indeed laid the tools to promote peace and security in some of the world’s most vulnerable areas. Therefore, the United Nations is proud to have â€Å"built an impressive record of peacekeeping achievements over more than 60 years of our (their) existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize† (United Nations ). Nevertheless

Development of a New Zealand Identity free essay sample

My reports focus is to see how the New Zealand identity is portrayed in New Zealand art and literature. The texts I chose come from the early nineteenth century The Piano to the 1940s in Frank Sargesons short stories. Even though these texts may not be very modern, you can still see that there are a number of different factors that are in them which link to my theme. New Zealand Society In the short story ‘The Hole that Jack Dug’ and in the song ‘Whaling’, the male belongs to the working class. In The Hole that Jack Dug, Jack is a married man who a worker at a quarry. His wife doesn’t like that he does not get a better job, such as one in an office. Even though Jack has the ability to get a better job, he prefers labouring than anything else. In ‘Whaling’ this man is stuck as a whaler for a job, possibly because he lacks proper education. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of a New Zealand Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But Im whaling Not where I want to be. This lack of education forced him into a job he didnt want, which might have been what men had to do at the time. This brings up another issue of women being better educated than men. This can be seen in ‘The Hole that Jack Dug’ where Jacks wife is educated in England. shed been a governess read more than ten books by an author called Hugh Walpole. Because she is interested in literature and Jack isnt, their marriage isn’t a very good one. Jack shows rebellion against her and her interests, because of her resentment towards him. This can be seen as New Zealand not valuing education during the time which led to people like Jack having working class jobs. These working class jobs can be seen as a New Zealand tradition. Jack and the Whaler were both labourers, a line of work which has continued its way into our modern times. This is evident by the fact the New Zealand has a successful farming industry which requires a large amount of labour. It can also be linked to todays New Zealand men, who are do it yourself type people who like to fix things themselves. Men and women have not always got along well, as seen in Jane Campions film The Piano. The Piano follows a widow and her daughter. The widow has been married by her father to a New Zealand settler. Because Ada is mute and the act that she wasnt very willing to be married creates problems with her new husband. Ada enjoys playing the piano, an issue that her husband doesnt care too much about. Ada also has an affair with one of her husbands workers which makes him so angry that he cuts off her finger. This conflict between men and women can be seen today in the form of sexism and increasing divorce rates. This is also shown in ‘ The Hole tha t Jack Dug’ where Jacks wife convinces him that the hole was a bad idea and gets him to refill it. This is seen today as women overcome sexism. People like Helen Clark are elected in high positions in our society instead of men. Stereotypes In all of the short stories that I studied, one issue became clear: men don’t say much. This is shown in the ‘They Gave her a Rise’ and ‘The Making of a New Zealander’, both by Frank Sargeson. In ‘They Gave her a Rise’ the male in the story doesn’t say much. In ‘The Making of a New Zealander’, there is a young farmhand. Even though the story is centered around him, the narrator says very little Maybe theres nothing in it and maybe there is. This is often hard to understand, which is maybe why they didnt say much. It is clear that there are many different sides to the New Zealand identity and they are shown in great depth and detail in NZ literature, and that there are indeed many different viewpoints of it. In the majority of my texts the issue of working class was dealt with more than the other issues. The importance of wo rking class is still seen in modern NZ society. I think it is a good thing that these issues have had the effect they have because if society keeps advancing, then so will our sense of identity.

Undertake agreed pressure care free essay sample

Pressure sores or decubitus ulcers are the result of a constant deficiency of blood to the tissues over a bony area such as a heel which may have been in contact with a bed or a splint over an extended period of time. The surface of the skin can ulcerate which may become infected – eventually subcutaneous and deeper tissues are damaged besides the heel, other areas commonly involved are the skin over the buttocks, sacrum, ankles, hips and other bony sites of the body. Describe the four stages of a pressure sore A grade one –pressure ulcer is the most superficial type of ulcer. The affected area of skin appears discoloured and is red in a Caucasian person, and purple or blue in people with a darker complexion. Grade one pressure ulcers do not turn white when pressure is placed on them. The skin remains intact but it may hurt or itch, it may also feel either warm and spongy, or hard. We will write a custom essay sample on Undertake agreed pressure care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In grade two-pressure ulcers some of the outer surface of the skin (the epidermis) or the deeper layer of skin (the dermis) is damaged, leading to skin loss. The ulcer looks like an open wound or a blister. In grade three-pressure ulcers, skin loss occurs throughout the entire thickness of the skin. The underlying tissue is also damaged. However, the underlying muscle and bone are not damaged. The ulcer appears as a deep cavity like wound. A grade four-pressure ulcer is the most severe type of pressure ulcer. The skin is severely damaged and the surrounding tissue begins to die (tissue necrosis). The underlying muscles or bone may also be damaged. People with grade four pressure ulcers have a high risk of developing a life-threatening infection. Unit 229 Identify pressure sites of the body For those individuals that are bed bound they are more likely to suffer with pressure ulcers on their: †¢Shoulders and shoulder blades †¢Elbows †¢Back of the head †¢Rims of the ears †¢Knees, ankles, heels or toes †¢Spine †¢Tailbone (coccyx’s) For those individuals that use wheelchairs maybe more prone to pressure ulcers on their: †¢Buttocks †¢Back of arms, legs †¢The back of the hip bones Identify factors which might put an individual at risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores †¢Mobility problems †¢Poor nutrition †¢Aged (over 70 ) †¢Incontinence (urinary or/and bowl ) Serious mental health conditions †¢Underlying health condition ( that disrupts blood supply and makes skin more fragile) Unit 229 Describe how incorrect handling and moving techniques can damage the skin Poor positioning can lead to the individual slipping/sliding on the bed this action can cause friction and shearing of the skin, this can also happen by not using the correct techniques or equipment for instance by using a sliding sheet and placing the individuals feet being flat on the bed can help with correct positioning and reducing the risk of friction or shearing. Identify a range of interventions that can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores †¢Relieving pressure †¢Promoting circulation (maintaining activity) †¢Allowing air to reach the skin †¢Reducing temperature and humidity and humidity †¢Avoiding incontinence †¢Allowing skin to being inspected †¢Good personal hygiene †¢Nutrition †¢Quit smoking Describe changes to an individual’s skin condition that should be reported You should report any new sore/ulcers or red areas to nurses or managers, or any changes to existing pressure sores should also be reported to nurses/doctors. Once the sore as progressed to a grade two this should then be more thoroughly investigated by outside sources, (social workers, and health boards). It is important to do regular inspections of the individual’s skin and more frequently if sores are present. Unit 229 Understand good practice in relation to own role when undertaking pressure care area Identify legislation and national guidelines affecting pressure area care The safe guarding or vulnerable adults – looks at our responsibility and accountability of keeping people safe and would include risk assessments to identify the skin breakdown †¢The care standards act – reinforces the importance of policies and procedures put in place by our organisations to protect the service users and this includes against skin care and prevention or pressure sores †¢The social care code of practice – also identifies roles and responsibilities of the care worker †¢NHS guidelines on wound care, tissue viability is relevant protocols that should be included in our organisations policies and procedures Describe agreed ways of working relating to pressure area care Agreed ways of working related to pressure area care would be, by following your company’s policies and procedures, and that of the individuals care plan Describe why team working is important in relation to providing pressure area care Teamwork is essential as care can be given 24 hours a day and regular turning of the service user as well as good management needs to be given around the clock in order to prevent or stop the condition from worsening. Most pressure ulcers can be predicted and prevented nursing assistants play a very important role in their prevention if a patient is at risk for getting a pressure ulcer all preventive measures, as stated by your facility must be done and documented. Preventing treating pressure ulcers needs the entire team to work together. Unit 229 Be able to follow the agreed care plan Describe why it is important to follow the agreed care plan The reason it is important to follow the agreed care plan as they are put together in the best interests of the individual based on what they wants, needs are . It also covers all medical need and physical needs and will indicate the likelihood of pressure sores and where they are more likely to get them and by following the care plan will help greatly in prevention. Identify any concerns with the agreed care plan prior to undertaking the pressure area care As the care plan is updated regularly with changes to care that an individual will receive. Before you can help to provide care for that individual you should check for any changes i. e. They start using different dressings or using pressure relief aids like a repose boot, make sure you understand your role and seek advice from seniors (nurses) as to what you need to do. Describe actions to take where any concerns with the agreed care plan are noted You should take note of your concerns and report to your seniors before you continue care make sure you document any concern on your paperwork as well if the concerns were serious then you should report to a manager or where necessary to outside sources, i.e. doctor , social worker or therapists depending on the concerns. Maybe a change of diet is required as the individual has increasing trouble swallowing but the car plan still shows that a normal diet is required. Identify the pressure area risk assessment tools which are used in own work In our workplace we use the waterlow pressure ulcer risk assessment/prevention policy tool, which is said to be the easiest to use in the healthcare industry. Explain why it is important to use risk assessment tools. Without the use of these tools there would be many more individuals suffering with preventable pressure ulcers as by the following guidelines of these tools you are better educated about the care that needs to be given thus reducing any unnecessary pain, infection or discomfort Unit 229 Understand the use of materials, equipment and resources available when undertaking pressure area care Identify a range of aids or equipment used to relieve pressure †¢Repose boots Air flow mattresses †¢Pressure cushions †¢Permaflow elbow pads †¢Heel protectors †¢Leg support trough Describe safe use of aids and equipment For instance you may use joint protectors for the heels or elbows that come in the shape of a foam pad with a strap to hold them in place so you need to make sure they stay in place but also you must be sure that the straps do not exert excess pressure and cause more damage Identify where up to date information and support can be obtained

The Negotiation Process

The Negotiation Process Conflicts are a constant reality in our society and the effective resolution of the same may spell the difference between a successful and failed society. It is therefore imperative that the people involved in the conflict resolve the contentious issues constructively.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Negotiation Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Key to the constructive resolution of conflicts is the use of negotiation tactics and strategies. This is because a deeper understanding of negotiation results in people being properly equipped to diffuse conflicts for the good of all parties involved. Knowledge of the negotiation process is therefore vital for effective conflict resolution. In this paper, I shall set out to give a detailed description of the steps involved in the negotiation process Negotiation is defined as communication for the purpose of persuasion (Shamir, 2003; Goldberg, Sander Rogers, 1992 ). The negotiation process is therefore a process by which parties to a dispute discuss possible outcomes to their conflict with each other. The parties make proposals, demands and argue out until an acceptable solution is arrived at or a deadlock declared. For the negotiation process, the parties involved might choose to adopt one of the two major negotiating approaches: competition or collaboration. Competition is based on opposing interests and ends up in a win-lose scenario while collaborative is based on common interests therefore yielding to a win-win outcome. The first step in the negotiation process is to describe what it is that you want to negotiate. This is based on the concept that negotiation involves a conflict about particular resources. The participants will therefore identify if there is a situation that needs to be negotiated.Advertising Looking for report on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Lack of an identifiable area of conflict invariably renders negotiations unnecessary. Having acknowledged the conflict, the negotiations can be deemed as being ready to begin. The process ideally begins by both parties presenting their issues which are mostly in the form of demands and goals to be met. The particular demands and goals for the parties involved may be well defined or vague and confusing. A goal is defined as a known or presumed commercial or personal interest of all or some of the parties to the negotiation and it is these goals that set the grounds for the negotiation process. From this an outline of expectations from the parties involved can be made and the agenda for the negotiation process outlined. Having established the basis for the negotiation, one can now delve deeper into the task. While the preliminary stage acted as ground for negotiation, the information on the issues at hand was only sparingly addressed. The second step involves a deepe r probing to enable both parties to understand each other better. As such, this step is characterized by the informational exchange between the parties involved in a bid to establish the real needs and goals. Each side aims at understanding the opponent, their limits and how far they are willing to compromise so as to reach a consensus. Use of open-ended questions and allowing the other party to correct your understanding of the issue are some of the best means of ensuring that a good understanding of the issues at hand is attained. Restatement of information leads to clarity and confirmation thus assuring that communication is effective. A key element in this step is to get as much information as is possible to enable the parties to come up with as many options as are possible. It is in this stage that a person can also gain a better appreciation of the other party’s point of view.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Negotiation Process specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will be hugely beneficial since once you are able to look at the conflict from the other person’s point of view, you can propose solutions that they would find appealing and therefore resolve the issue. Once it has been clearly established what each party wants, the next step involves trying to influence the other party to reach a concession that is beneficial to you. The principle reason for negotiating is to try and produce better results than you can obtain without negotiation (Shamir, 2003; Fisher et al., 1991). It should be noted that persuasion may be achieved in the competitive approach by resorting to threats or in the collaborative approach by the appealing to the principles or common interests of the other party. Regardless of whichever approach is adopted, the aim of persuasion is to make the opposition sympathetic to your perspective on the issue or coerce them to respond more favorably to you de mands. This step therefore involves making appeals to the opponent in a bid to come up with a favorable result. Concession trading which is the aim of good negotiation is the next stage in negotiating. Shamir (2003) defines consensus building as a decision and agreement reached by all the identified parties. In this process, each party is required to reduce their demands or aspirations so as to accommodate the other party. Through this process, unanimous agreement over the disputed issue(s) is reached. At the onset of the negotiating process, the parties involved are at loggerheads or in disagreement at the least. However, after working down the stages of the negotiation process, the parties involved are able to reach an agreement by compromising on the original goals and objectives. As such, each side makes some gains and possibly some loses. In the consensus building stage of negotiating, time plays a critical role. It is important that each party is given as much time as is neces sary to reach their decisions.Advertising Looking for report on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, deadlines are ideally not supposed to be imposed though this may not be practicable in most real life scenarios where time of essence. The reason for this is that applying of pressure may lead to a decision being taken that some may regret therefore leading to future conflicts. The agreements arrived at should be finalized and subsequently formalized since in as much as an agreement has been reached, that by itself does not guarantee that the implementation will proceed undeterred. Creation of methods of implementation and monitoring should be achieved. Shamir (2003) suggests that for significant issues, an agenda and timetable should be decided upon and the various issues which have been agreed outlined. A clear and detailed description of the steps to be taken to make sure that the formal agreement is implemented should also be made. As was stated at the onset of this paper, negotiation is one of the most productive means by which disputes can be successfully resolved. An understanding of the negotiating process greatly empowers a person in his/her negotiating undertakings. This paper set out to give a detailed outline of the key steps in the negotiation process. While the process described herein is basic and might have to be modified to be applicable to the specific disputes at hand, it provides a good framework for negotiation tasks. An understanding and proper implementation of these process will lead to greater success during negotiations. References Shamir, Y. (2003). Alternative Dispute Resolution Approaches and their Application. PCCP Publications.

How Drafting Can Improve Your Academic Writing

How Drafting Can Improve Your Academic Writing How the Drafting Process Can Improve Your Academic Writing Writing a good paper is not simply about sitting down, starting at the beginning and typing until you reach the end. Rather, it’s a process of drafting and re-drafting until you’re happy with your paper, each time trying to improve upon the last draft. How long you spend redrafting will depend on what you’re working on – a lengthy PhD dissertation will require more attention than a shorter paper. Nevertheless, whatever you’re writing, using a step-by-step drafting process will benefit your work. Step 1: The First Draft The first draft is an initial attempt to turn your notes and paper outline into full paragraphs. This, therefore, is where you set out the basic argument and structure of your paper, though you can make changes to these in subsequent drafts if necessary. The most important thing to do during the first draft is get something written, even if it isn’t perfect (that’s why we re-draft). Once you have something down, you can re-read it to see what could be improved, or even ask your advisor and friends for feedback. Step 2: The Second Draft It’s very rare for the first draft to be perfect. As such, you need to re-read it to get a sense of what could be improved. This may be as simple as looking for factual, spelling and grammatical mistakes. But it may also involve clarifying aspects of your argument or revising your ideas. There are a few tips which can help with re-drafting your work at this stage: Try to be concise as possible, eliminating all unnecessary repetition Make sure your argument flows smoothly, with each point leading clearly to the next Check that each of your points contributes something to your overall hypothesis Keep an eye out for formatting inconsistencies, as well as errors It’s also a good idea to save each draft of your paper as a separate file. This allows you to check older versions once changes have been made. Step 3: The Third Draft (And Beyond) Here, we again go over our paper and try to find things we can improve. With each draft you should find less and less that needs doing. Eventually, after a few passes, you’ll be ready for the final step. Step 4: The Final Draft The final draft is the version of your paper you’ll submit to be marked. You’ll therefore need to proofread your paper carefully, checking for any remaining errors. It can help to print out your work and read it on paper, as you might spot things you missed when reading it on screen.

How Drafting Can Improve Your Academic Writing

How Drafting Can Improve Your Academic Writing How the Drafting Process Can Improve Your Academic Writing Writing a good paper is not simply about sitting down, starting at the beginning and typing until you reach the end. Rather, it’s a process of drafting and re-drafting until you’re happy with your paper, each time trying to improve upon the last draft. How long you spend redrafting will depend on what you’re working on – a lengthy PhD dissertation will require more attention than a shorter paper. Nevertheless, whatever you’re writing, using a step-by-step drafting process will benefit your work. Step 1: The First Draft The first draft is an initial attempt to turn your notes and paper outline into full paragraphs. This, therefore, is where you set out the basic argument and structure of your paper, though you can make changes to these in subsequent drafts if necessary. The most important thing to do during the first draft is get something written, even if it isn’t perfect (that’s why we re-draft). Once you have something down, you can re-read it to see what could be improved, or even ask your advisor and friends for feedback. Step 2: The Second Draft It’s very rare for the first draft to be perfect. As such, you need to re-read it to get a sense of what could be improved. This may be as simple as looking for factual, spelling and grammatical mistakes. But it may also involve clarifying aspects of your argument or revising your ideas. There are a few tips which can help with re-drafting your work at this stage: Try to be concise as possible, eliminating all unnecessary repetition Make sure your argument flows smoothly, with each point leading clearly to the next Check that each of your points contributes something to your overall hypothesis Keep an eye out for formatting inconsistencies, as well as errors It’s also a good idea to save each draft of your paper as a separate file. This allows you to check older versions once changes have been made. Step 3: The Third Draft (And Beyond) Here, we again go over our paper and try to find things we can improve. With each draft you should find less and less that needs doing. Eventually, after a few passes, you’ll be ready for the final step. Step 4: The Final Draft The final draft is the version of your paper you’ll submit to be marked. You’ll therefore need to proofread your paper carefully, checking for any remaining errors. It can help to print out your work and read it on paper, as you might spot things you missed when reading it on screen.